- Simon Willison: gpt-image-1-mini (Oct 6, 2025)
OpenAI quietly released gpt-image-1-mini, a smaller and cheaper image generation model. The results are impressive and inexpensive, as mere pennies net good results. - Simon Willison: GPT-5 Pro (Oct 6, 2025)
With a September 30, 2024 knowledge cutoff and a 400,000-token context window. - Sam Altman: Sora update #1 (Oct 3, 2025)
OpenAI is planning two major changes to Sora based on user feedback: providing rightsholders with more granular control over the use of their characters in generated videos, and implementing a revenue-sharing model with rightsholders for video generation. - Morningstar, Inc.: The AI bubble is 17 times the size of the dot-com frenzy – and four times subprime, this analyst argues (Oct 3, 2025)
MacroStrategy Partnership argues the AI bubble is significantly larger than both the dot-com and 2008 real estate bubbles. This claim, of course, is only proved after the “bubble” pops, so like most economic forecasting, only time will tell. It does seem quite clear that investment in AI infrastructure is high. - Stratechery: OpenAI’s Windows Play (Oct 7, 2025)
OpenAI has made a flurry of announcements, including partnerships with Oracle, Nvidia, Samsung, SK Hynix, and AMD, as well as new product offerings like Instant Checkout and Sora 2. These moves suggest that OpenAI is positioning itself to be the “Windows of AI” by creating a platform where applications reside within ChatGPT, similar to how Windows became the dominant PC operating system. - Alex Tabarrok: The ai Boom (Oct 5, 2025)
Anguilla’s internet domain, .ai, is experiencing a massive surge in registrations due to the booming interest in artificial intelligence. This increase in .ai domain registrations has become a major source of income for the small island nation, now contributing nearly half of its state revenues. - The Register: McKinsey wonders how to sell AI apps with no measurable benefits (Oct 9, 2025)
Vendors should demonstrate clear value to line-of-business decision-makers who are increasingly weighing AI investments against staffing costs. Hand-waving and chanting “AI” is not a good strategy to explain rising costs. - WSJ: Elon Musk Gambles Billions in Memphis to Catch Up on AI (Oct 5, 2025)
xAI is investing heavily in the Memphis area, building massive data centers powered by a new power plant to support its chatbot Grok.
Category: AI
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Thursday Links (Oct. 9)
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Tuesday Links (Oct. 7)
- WSJ: OpenAI, AMD Announce Massive Computing Deal, Marking New Phase of AI Boom (Oct 6, 2025)
OpenAI to purchase 6GW of AMD chips and take up to 10% equity stake in AMD, a huge win for AMD as they battle dominant AI chipmaker, Nvidia. - WSJ: Anthropic and IBM Partner in Bid for AI Business Customers (Oct 7, 2025)
Anthropic and IBM are partnering to integrate Anthropic’s Claude AI models into IBM’s software. “Kareem Yusuf, IBM’s senior vice president of ecosystem and strategic partners, said the Armonk, N.Y.-based company initiated the partnership after seeing how well Anthropic’s models performed on its own benchmarks, and recognizing they shared a focus on corporate customers.” - NY Times: Recruiters Use A.I. to Scan Résumés. Applicants Are Trying to Trick It. (Oct 7, 2025)
Job seekers are increasingly using hidden instructions in their résumés to manipulate AI screening tools, as “[R]oughly 90 percent of employers now use A.I. to filter or rank résumés.” - NY Times: Elon Musk Gambles on Sexy A.I. Companions (Oct 6, 2025)
xAI launched two sexually explicit chatbots to engage users with increasingly raunchy content as they progress through conversation levels. What could go wrong with this!? - Axios: The biggest sign yet of an AI bubble is starting to appear (Oct 3, 2025)
AI tech companies are leveraging debt, sometimes hidden through private lenders and special purpose vehicles, to fund their AI infrastructure buildout. - NY Times: We Finally Have Free Anti-Robocall Tools That Work (Oct 2, 2025)
iOS 26 features a new call screening technology by using AI tools to ask the caller their name and the reason for the call. I enabled this personally last week. Zero robocallers since then.
- WSJ: OpenAI, AMD Announce Massive Computing Deal, Marking New Phase of AI Boom (Oct 6, 2025)
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Friday Links (Oct. 3)
- Scott Aaronson: The QMA Singularity (Sep 27, 2025)
“I had tried similar problems a year ago, with the then-new GPT reasoning models, but I didn’t get results that were nearly as good. Now, in September 2025, I’m here to tell you that AI has finally come for what my experience tells me is the most quintessentially human of all human intellectual activities: namely, proving oracle separations between quantum complexity classes.” - WSJ: Walmart CEO Issues Wake-Up Call: ‘AI Is Going to Change Literally Every Job’ (Sep 26, 2025)
“It’s very clear that AI is going to change literally every job.” Doug McMillon, Walmart CEO - WSJ: Why Meta Thinks It Can Challenge Apple in Consumer AI Devices (Sep 26, 2025)
“But Meta is playing a long game with a very ambitious target. The company apparently believes that Apple’s dominance of consumer devices is vulnerable in the AI age.” - Simon Willison’s Weblog: ForcedLeak: AI Agent risks exposed in Salesforce AgentForce (Sep 26, 2025)
Security researchers at Noma Security discovered a vulnerability in Salesforce AgentForce that allowed for the exfiltration of lead data. The vulnerability was made possible due to an expired domain still being whitelisted in Salesforce’s Content Security Policy (CSP). Salesforce has since plugged the exploit. - NY Times: Apple’s New AirPods Offer Impressive Language Translation (Sep 18, 2025)
The new AirPods Pro 3 feature real-time language translation using AI, allowing users to understand conversations in different languages, offering a seamless and practical way to improve communication for travelers and immigrants. - AP News: Judge approves $1.5 billion copyright settlement between AI company Anthropic and authors (Sep 25, 2025)
A federal judge has preliminarily approved a $1.5 billion settlement between Anthropic and authors who accused the AI company of illegally using nearly half a million pirated books to train its chatbots, with authors and publishers potentially receiving about $3,000 per book. - Semafor: Anthropic irks White House with limits on models’ use (Sep 17, 2025)
“Anthropic recently declined requests by contractors working with federal law enforcement agencies because the company refuses to make an exception allowing its AI tools to be used for some tasks, including surveillance of US citizens.” - WSJ: Spending on AI Is at Epic Levels. Will It Ever Pay Off? (Sep 25, 2025)
“The artificial-intelligence boom has ushered in one of the costliest building sprees in world history.” Historically, this feels akin to the massive railroad boom in the 19th century (and perhaps the massive bust that followed). - NY Times: A.I. Could Make the Smartphone Passé. What Comes Next? (Sep 8, 2025)
Some predict that AI assistants will become the central operating system of personal computing. - NY Times: How ‘Clanker’ Became an Anti-A.I. Rallying Cry (Aug 31, 2025)
Clanker, a term from Star Wars, has grown more popular in online discussions as a derogatory slur against AI and robots, fueled by frustrations over AI-generated content, job automation, and the increasingly human-like qualities of AI.
- Scott Aaronson: The QMA Singularity (Sep 27, 2025)
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AI Pricing Trends
When Disney launched Disney+ in 2020, it came to market with a really low price: $6.99 per month. The strategy was obvious—use a bargain price to quickly build a subscriber base and compete with Netflix.
It worked. Families eagerly added Disney+ to their lineup of streaming services, drawn by its deep library of shows and movies. But as the platform grew, investors started pushing Disney to make the service profitable. Over the next few years, Disney steadily raised prices. Today, the ad-free tier costs nearly three times what it did at launch.
This story isn’t just about streaming. It’s a preview of what’s coming with AI services.
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The $20 Benchmark for AI
When OpenAI launched ChatGPT Plus at $20 a month, it wasn’t the product of intricate economic modeling. Instead, it reflected an attempt to recoup some of the enormous costs behind the scenes—training models, running massive server farms, and paying world-class researchers.
That $20 price point quickly became the de facto benchmark for consumer-facing AI tools, with Anthropic and others adopting similar rates.
But OpenAI has been clear that its ambitions go far beyond the current offering. Its Stargate initiative involves building massive infrastructure, partnering globally, and spending billions on data centers. At some point, investor money won’t be enough—they’ll need sustainable revenue.
And just like Disney, the path is clear: grow the subscriber base, then gradually raise prices once users view the product as indispensable.
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The Coming Price Climb
Right now, $20 a month feels reasonable. But look ahead 5–10 years. As AI capabilities expand, it’s easy to imagine prices climbing to $50, $60, or even $100 per month.
For individual consumers, that may be tough to swallow. A household with multiple subscriptions could find itself spending several hundred dollars a month on AI tools.
For businesses, however, the math looks different. If AI can make an employee just 10% more productive, the return on investment is obvious. An employee earning $60,000 annually who produces the equivalent of $66,000 in value thanks to AI easily justifies a $100 subscription. For programmers or knowledge workers achieving productivity gains of 50% or more, companies might begrudgingly pay hundreds—even thousands—per employee, per month.
The economics are compelling, and the pressure to raise prices is certain.
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AI-Adjacent Tools Will Follow
This dynamic won’t be limited to large language models. AI-adjacent tools—platforms like Jira or Siteimprove—are racing to integrate AI features into their products. The added capabilities will deepen customer reliance. But once the early adoption phase passes, I expect these vendors to raise prices as well.
It’s the same playbook: demonstrate new value, increase lock-in, then adjust pricing upward.
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The Staffing Equation
All of this has implications beyond budgets. If AI makes employees 50% more efficient, organizations will rethink staffing structures. Efficiency gains don’t automatically translate into cost savings unless roles are consolidated or organizations grow.
Take three departments, each with a similar role. If AI tools boost each person’s productivity by 50%, the organization suddenly has capacity for 4.5 units of work when only three are needed. The logical response is to reduce headcount—perhaps to two positions covering all three departments. But that requires some degree of centralization to realize these gains. Better options include company growth or redeploying personnel in areas of need or opportunity. There will be disruption of the workforce, but it doesn’t have to lead to layoffs.
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Planning for the Future
The lesson from Disney+ is clear: early low prices are temporary. AI services are following the same trajectory, and organizations should prepare now.
- Expect rising subscription costs—both for core AI platforms and for AI-enhanced tools.
- Budget for increases of 50% or more annually over the next few years.
- Plan staffing structures to capture the efficiency gains AI makes possible. I’m sure companies will prefer growth and redeployment, but that’s not always assured.
AI will reshape productivity in profound ways. But as with streaming, the honeymoon pricing phase won’t last forever.
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Friday Links
- Cloudflare Introduces NET Dollar (Sep. 25, 2025)
Cloudflare plans to launch NET Dollar, a USD-backed stablecoin, to facilitate instant and secure transactions for AI agents. It will enable microtransactions and rewarding creators, developers, and AI companies for unique content and valuable contributions, ultimately fostering a more open and sustainable internet economy. - Simon Willison: GitHub Copilot CLI is now in public preview (Sep 25, 2025)
With options for GitHub Models, Claude Sonnet 4, or GPT-5, the tool integrates with existing GitHub Copilot accounts for billing. - Simon Willison: gpt-5 and gpt-5-mini rate limit updates (Sep 12, 2025)
OpenAI increased rate limits for GPT-5 and GPT-5-mini across various usage tiers, allowing for more tokens per minute, putting OpenAI ahead of Anthropic but lagging Gemini. - European Digital Rights (EDRi): Chat Control: What is actually going on? (Sep 24, 2025)
A contentious EU proposal dubbed “Chat Control,” a draft Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Regulation, would mandate scanning private messages—even in end-to-end encrypted services—using AI filters. Critics argue it amounts to mass surveillance and undermines privacy. The proposal faces legal and political hurdles, including resistance from the EU Parliament and some member states. - Google: The Digital Markets Act: time for a reset (Sep 25, 2025)
Alongside Apple, Google is also advocating for the EU’s DMA to be replaced with something that causes less unintended harm to users and businesses. - WSJ: The City Leading China’s Charge to Pull Ahead in AI (Sep 12, 2025)
Hangzhou, China, is emerging as a key AI hub driven by supportive government policies, established tech companies like Alibaba, the new DeepSeek model, and a growing pool of talent. This transformation highlights China’s ambition to lead in AI technology development. - Ars Technica: Apple demands EU repeal the Digital Markets Act (Sep 25, 2025)
Aside from the fact that the article title is an absurd overstatement, the core idea is true: Apple is lobbying for the EU’s DMA to be scrapped and replaced, arguing it has made it too hard to do business and innovate in Europe. - WSJ: AI Agents Are Getting Ready to Handle Your Whole Financial Life (Sep 17, 2025)
As usual, concerns about risks and regulations exist, but financial institutions are developing AI tools that can analyze portfolios, execute trades, and provide financial advice, potentially democratizing access to financial expertise.
- Cloudflare Introduces NET Dollar (Sep. 25, 2025)
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Thursday Links
- OpenAI: Introducing ChatGPT Pulse (Sep 25, 2025)
“Pulse is a new experience where ChatGPT proactively does research to deliver personalized updates based on your chats, feedback, and connected apps like your calendar.” I am generally in favor of AI tools, but this one makes me nervous — unsupervised access to my personal data is a bridge I’m not quite ready to cross. - Google: Gemini 2.5 Flash and Flash-Lite release (Nov 30, -0001)
Google released updated versions of Gemini 2.5 Flash and 2.5 Flash-Lite on Google AI Studio and Vertex AI, focusing on improved quality and efficiency. - The Verge: Microsoft embraces OpenAI rival Anthropic to improve Microsoft 365 apps (Sep 24, 2025)
Copilot users now able to use Claude Sonnet 4 and Opus 4.1, a helpful means of accessing the best model for specific needs. - xAI: Grok 4 Fast (Sep 19, 2025)
New cost-efficient reasoning model built upon Grok 4, offering high performance and token efficiency. - Anthropic: A postmortem of three recent issues (Sep 17, 2025)
Between August and early September, Anthropic experienced intermittent quality degradation in Claude’s responses due to three overlapping infrastructure bugs related to context window routing, output corruption, and an XLA compiler issue on TPUs. - NY Times Opinion: Will Anthropic Pay Me Too Much Money For My Pirated Books? (Sep 13, 2025)
Authors will soon be compensated for their works being used to train AI models, making some wonderwhether their (unpopular) books are worth the same as more popular ones. - Futurism: ChatGPT Is Blowing Up Marriages as Spouses Use AI to Attack Their Partners (Sep 18, 2025)
Eek. AI chatbots are contributing to the breakdown of romantic relationships as people become overly reliant on AI for therapy, advice, and validation. - The Chronicle of Higher Education: Sometimes We Resist AI for Good Reasons (Sep 24, 2025)
Advocating the inclusion of AI contrarians in conversations about AI tools in higher education. Outside of a plea for listening to a variety of voices, no solutions are offered. And a number of the cited examples of concern are woefully out of date, lessening the impact of the author’s central points. - NY Times: How Wall Street’s Big Bets on A.I. Are Driving Interest in Huge Parking Lots (Sep 16, 2025)
Increasing demand for these lots is driven by the boom in data center construction, fueled by the rise of AI, and the limited supply of suitable land.
- OpenAI: Introducing ChatGPT Pulse (Sep 25, 2025)
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Wednesday AI Links
- Simon Willison: Four new releases from Qwen (Sep 22, 2025)
Releases include “a brand new 30B parameter ‘omni[ model supporting text, audio and video input and text and audio output!” - CalMatters: California issues historic fine over lawyer’s ChatGPT fabrications (Sep 22, 2025)
California attorney fined $10,000 for submitting a legal brief containing 21 fake case citations generated by ChatGPT. - WSJ: Want to Know Your Future Breast-Cancer Risk? Just Ask AI (Sep 23, 2025)
AI will be able to analyze medical images and predict an individual’s risk of developing cancer. - WSJ: How Nvidia Is Backstopping America’s AI Boom (Sep 22, 2025)
Nvidia’s Marshall Plan: using free cash flow to sell more chips while solidifying their dominant position. - Sean Goedecke: If you are good at code review, you will be good at using AI agents (Sep 20, 2025)
AI agents often produce a lot of code but can make poor design decisions without human guidance, so skilled code review helps steer them towards simpler and more efficient solutions.
- Simon Willison: Four new releases from Qwen (Sep 22, 2025)
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Tuesday AI Links
- Sam Altman: Abundant Intelligence (Sep 23, 2025)
Sam Altman imagines a future with virtually unlimited computing power, unlocking AI potential to solve big problems without having to prioritize. While I’m in favor of abundance, generally, Altman’s overly effusive take on technology seems more inspirational than grounded in reality. - NY Times: Why A.I. Should Make Parents Rethink Posting Photos of Their Children Online (Aug 11, 2025)
AI apps that generate fake nudes are making “sharenting” more dangerous, as anyone can easily create and distribute nonconsensual images of children using photos found online. Perhaps we need to go back to 2×3 photos in our wallets. Good grief. - WSJ: Farmers in India Are Tracking Monsoon Season With the Help of AI (Sep 15, 2025)
AI is enabling more granular and accessible weather forecasting, as demonstrated by a project in India where AI models from Google and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts provided specific monsoon predictions to millions of farmers. - Interconnected: What I think about when I think about Claude Code (Sep 12, 2025)
“You just loop one minute composing a thoughtful paragraph to the agent, and three minutes waiting, gazing out the window contemplating the gentle breeze on the leaves, the distant hum of traffic, the slow steady unrelenting approach of that which comes for us all.” - NY Times: How People Are Using ChatGPT for Financial Advice (Sep 13, 2025)
“Ms. Donohue said she wasn’t surprised by the advice the chatbot offered, but she was pleased by how quickly — within seconds — it generated a tailored budget for her.” Like many tasks, AI tools remove the drudgery of creating a budget, a net benefit for users. But there’s always the risk of bad information, something folks will need to be aware of. - WSJ: Hard Drives Are Making an AI Comeback. Yes, Hard Drives. (Sep 19, 2025)
AI’s need to store vast amounts of data, including self-generated content, fueling higher demand and rising prices for high-capacity drives.
- Sam Altman: Abundant Intelligence (Sep 23, 2025)
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iPhone Air
Watching Apple’s introduction of the iPhone 17 lineup, I was impressed by the incredible thinness of the Air. This screenshot from the product website really illustrates how compact the design is:

And yet there’s the camera and the plateau as they called it.
The technological world continues to get faster and smaller — more processing speed using less power in physically smaller chips. But cameras and lenses continue to be governed by the laws of physics and the realities of light.
It’s a helpful reminder that AI tools will get better, cheaper, and faster, but their contributions to the physical world will continue to lag.
AI chatbots — check.
AI assisted coding — check.AI designed, build and operated factories — not likely by 2027, even if some folks dream of that future.
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Perplexity is using stealth, undeclared crawlers to evade website no-crawl directives
The Cloudflare Blog: Perplexity is using stealth, undeclared crawlers to evade website no-crawl directives (August 3, 2025)
Internet utility, Cloudflare, accuses Perplexity of obscuring its browser user agent (the way browsers describe themselves to web servers) in order to skirt firewall and robot rules. CF penalized Perplexity by removing it from the list of verified bots.
We received complaints from customers who had both disallowed Perplexity crawling activity in their robots.txt files and also created WAF rules to specifically block both of Perplexity’s declared crawlers: PerplexityBot and Perplexity-User.
Cloudflare then ran tests with new, secret websites to confirm this sneaky behavior.
To Perplexity’s credit, I don’t think many people using the web would expect to be blocked from visiting a website, so perhaps there is some gray area here. Is a Perplexity truly a robot or is it fundamentally controlled by a human?
I don’t like that Perplexity is being sneaky, but I also think these new AI tools push the envelope of how the web is glued together. Technology and standards will have to evolve quickly.